Schaum's Outline is a 19-book series with 19 primary works first released in 1959 with contributions by Murray R. Spiegel, Seymour Lipschutz, Dennis Spellman, Barnett Rich, Christopher Thomas, Jerome L. Rosenberg, Lawrence M. Epstein, Marc Lipson, Conrad J. Schmitt, Schaums, Donald Pitts, Milton Gussow, Alvin Halpern, Robert E. Moyer, Frank Ayres, Frank Ayres Jr., Elliott Mendelson, Philip A. Schmidt, Roger L. Tokheim, Fred Safier, John R. Hubbard, Robert C. Wrede, Stacy Palen, Richard Bronson, and Gabriel B. Costa.