Systemic Homeostasis and Poikilostasis in Sleep

This book aims at presenting biologists and clinicians with a compact description of the physiological manifestations of sleep that are significant from the viewpoint of the principle of homeostasis. In the jargon of the physiological literature, the word “homeostasis”, introduced by W.B. Cannon (1926), refers to the existence of a constant state of extracellular body fluids with regard to their physical and chemical properties. Since normal cell function depends on the constancy of such fluids, in multicellular animals there are many regulatory mechanisms under the control of the central nervous system that act to maintain the constancy of the internal environment. The experimental study of homeostasis in wakefulness already revealed the nature and complexity of the underlying physiological mechanisms. Many of these regulatory mechanisms trigger compensatory changes according to the principle of negative feedback. In contrast, the control of homeostasis across sleep states is still an issue under debate concerning its physiological persistence and significance. The author's aim is to find the specific mechanistic proofs of the actual consistency or inconsistency of the principle in different states of sleep. In this respect, there are several interacting physiological functions that ought to be examined across the sleep states. The selection of the most significant experimental data is carried out with a view to present a simple but not simplistic approach to the issue. The book brings forth the evidence that the systemic homeostatic regulation of many physiological variables underlying cellular life is not active in a particular state of the ultradian sleep cycle in mammals. It also shows the theoretical and functional importance of the principle of homeostasis, as a criterion of the systemic characterisation of the integrative control of physiological functions by the central nervous system during sleep in mammals. Contents:The Principle of HomeostasisThe Study of Homeostasis in SleepRespiration in SleepCirculation in SleepTemperature Regulation in SleepInfluence of Temperature on SleepCompartmentalised Brain Homeostasis in SleepUltradian Homeostasis–Poikilostasis CycleSystemic Physiological Regulation in the Ultradian Wake–Sleep Cycle Readership: Advanced undergraduates, graduates, biologists, physiologists, psychologists and clinicians who are interested in sleep physiology. Keywords:Autonomic Regulation;Circulation;Homeostasis;Poikilostasis;Respiration;Somatic Regulation;Sleep;Temperature RegulationKey Features:The topic on sleep physiology is approached systematically for the first timeDissection and recombination of experimental data for a systemic presentation of sleep physiology from the classical viewpoint of homeostasisThe content of this book is also suitable to use as a study guide and for teaching courses on sleep physiology from a variety of cultural viewpoints