Since time immemorial, mankind has been looking up at the stars and dreaming, but it was only centuries ago that we started turning those dreams into fiction. And what remarkable dreams they are—dreams of distant worlds, unearthly creatures, parallel universes, artificial intelligence, and so much more. Today, we call those dreams science fiction.
Science fiction’s earliest inklings began in the mid-1600s, when Johannes Kepler and Francis Godwin wrote pioneering stories about voyages to the moon. Some scholars argue that science fiction as we now understand it was truly born in 1818, when Mary Shelley published Frankenstein, the first novel of its kind whose events are explained by science, not mysticism or miracles. Now, two centuries later, sci-fi is a sprawling and lucrative multimedia genre with countless subgenres, such as dystopian fiction, postapocalyptic fiction, and climate fiction, to name just a few. It’s also remarkably porous, allowing for some overlap with genres like fantasy and horror.
Sci-fi brings out the best in our imaginations and evokes a sense of wonder, but it also inspires a spirit of questioning. Through the enduring themes of sci-fi, we can examine the zeitgeist’s cultural context and ethical questions. Our favorite works in the genre make good on this promise, meditating on everything from identity to oppression to morality. As the Nobel Prize-winning novelist Doris Lessing said, “Science fiction is some of the best social fiction of our time.”
Over two years ago, we published a version of this list featuring 50 books. But why stop at 50? Now, as part of our latest Summer Fiction Week, we’ve cast a wider net and expanded the list to 75 titles. Choosing the 75 best science fiction books of all time wasn’t easy, so to get the job done, we had to establish some guardrails. Though we assessed single installments as representatives of their series, we limited the list to one book per author. We also emphasized books that brought something new and innovative to the genre—to borrow a great sci-fi turn of phrase, books that “boldly go where no one has gone before.”
Now, in ranked order, here are the best science fiction books of all time.
1,049 reads |
1,861 reads |
338 reads |
707 reads |
278 reads |
405 reads |
538 reads |
278 reads |
659 reads |
617 reads |
1,056 reads |
2,433 reads |
38 reads |
1,212 reads |
66 reads |
39 reads |
250 reads |
163 reads |
196 reads |
2 reads |
174 reads |
539 reads |
252 reads |
578 reads |
15 reads |
24 reads |
256 reads |
319 reads |
25 reads |
17 reads |
558 reads |
363 reads |
346 reads |
165 reads |
45 reads |
60 reads |
3 reads |
551 reads |
36 reads |
1,342 reads |
208 reads |
1,676 reads |
179 reads |
131 reads |
591 reads |
79 reads |
84 reads |
4 reads |
485 reads |
682 reads |
173 reads |
406 reads |
201 reads |
514 reads |
62 reads |
8 reads |
768 reads |
64 reads |
48 reads |
80 reads |
56 reads |
11 reads |
2 reads |
35 reads |
62 reads |
55 reads |
207 reads |
19 reads |
556 reads |
10 reads |
5 reads |
7 reads |
341 reads |
203 reads |
106 reads |